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Contents

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Political Theory, Public Philosophy, and Pluralism Introduction Leo Strauss, "What Is Political Philosophy?" Judith Shklar, "Political Ideology" Theodore J. Lowi, "America's Old and New Public Philosophy" Avigail Eisenberg, "Reconstructing Political Pluralism" William E. Connolly, "Pluralism: A Prelude" Part I: Ideological Voices 2. Nineteenth-Century Ideologies Introduction John Locke, "The Second Treatise of Government" National Assembly of France, "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" Edmund Burke, "Reflections on the Revolution in France" Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, "The Communist Manifesto" Emma Goldman, "Anarchism: What It Really Stands For" 3. Twentieth-Century Ideologies Introduction Vladimir I. Lenin, "State and Revolution" Giovanni Gentile, "The Philosophic Basis of Fascism" Paul Starr, "Why Liberalism Works" John Kekes, "A Case for Conservatism" 4. Newer Quasi-Ideologies Introduction Michael J. Sandel, "America's Search for a New Public Philosophy" Richard John Neuhaus, "Public Religion and Public Reason" Susan Moller Okin, "Justice, Gender, and the Family" Arne Naess, "The Environmental Crisis and the Deep Ecological Movement" Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, "Globalization and Democracy" Part II: Philosophical Assumptions 5. Ontological Conceptions Introduction Plato, "The Theory of Forms" Walter Ullman, "Ascending and Descending Theses of Government" Ken Wilber, "The Great Chain of Being" Jean Jacques Rousseau, "On the General Will" Friedrich Engels, "Marx's Materialist Conception of History" Charles Darwin, "Natural Selection" T. H. Huxley, "Evolution and Ethics" Judith Butler, "Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of 'Postmodernism'" 6. Conceptions of Human Nature Introduction Herbert Deane, "St. Augustine's Conception of Fallen Man" Thomas Hobbes, "The Natural Condition of Mankind" C. B. Macpherson, "The Early Liberal Model of Man" Karl Marx, "Estranged Labor" Peter Kropotkin, "Mutual Aid" John Rawls, "The Rationality and Motivations of Parties in the Original Position" Michael Sandel, "The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self" Bhikhu Parekh, "Conceptualizing Human Beings" 7. Images of Society Introduction Aristotle, "The Natural Origins of Political Associations" Thomas Hobbes, "The Contractual Origins of Society" Edmund Burke, "The Great Primaeval Contract of Eternal Society" Paul Schumaker, "Social Cleavages and Complex Equality" 8. Epistemological Orientations Introduction Benjamin Barber, "The Epistemological Frame: Cartesian Politics" Jeremy Bentham, "Of the Principle of Utility" Alasdair MacIntyre, "Narratives of the Good Life Guided by Living Traditions" Richard Rorty, "America's Civic Religion: A Hopeful Pragmatism" Carol Gilligan, "In a Different Voice" John Rawls, "Political Constructivism" Part III: Political Principles 9. On Community Introduction James Madison, "The Federalist No. 10" Rogers M. Smith, "Toward a Theory of Civic Identities" David Held, "Towards a Global Covenant: Global Social Democracy" Kirkpatrick Sale, "Human-Scale Democracy" Robert Dahl, "The Chinese Boxes" 10. On Citizenship Introduction Michael Walzer, "The Distribution of Membership" Joseph H. Carens, "Aliens and Citizens: The Case For Open Borders" T. H. Marshall, "The Development of Citizen Rights" Iris Marion Young, "Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship" Amitai Etzioni et al., "The Responsive Communitarian Platform: Rights and Responsibilities" Niccolo Machiavelli, "The Threat Posed by Corrupt Citizens" 11. On Structure Introduction John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty" Adam Smith, "The Principles and Virtues of Free Markets" Lawrence E. Harrison, "Progress and Poverty Without Marx" Robert D. Putnam, "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America" Anthony Giddens, "The Third Way and Government" Imam Khomeini, "Islamic Government" John Locke, "A Letter Concerning Toleration" 12. On Rulers Introduction Robert Dahl, "Guardianship" Edmund Burke, "Speech to the Electors of Bristol" Alexis de Tocqueville, "Unlimited Power of the Majority in the United States and Its Consequences" Joseph Schumpeter, "A Realistic Alternative to the Classical Doctrine of Democracy" Benjamin Barber, "Strong Democracy: Politics in the Participatory Mode" Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, "What Deliberative Democracy Means" William Riker, "Liberalism, Populism, and the Theory of Public Choice" 13. On Authority Introduction Robert Paul Wolff, "The Conflict Between Authority and Autonomy" Milton Friedman, "The Role of Government in a Free Society" Garrett Hardin, "The Tragedy of the Commons" Benjamin I. Page and James R. Simmons, "What Should Government Do?" William Galston, "Liberalism and Public Morality" 14. On Justice Introduction APSA Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy, "American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality" John Rawls, "A Kantian Conception of Equality" Irving Kristol, "A Capitalist Conception of Justice" Robert Nozick, "The Entitlement Theory" 15. On Change Introduction Michael Oakeshott, "On Being Conservative" Richard Rorty, "Movements and Campaigns" Martin Luther King Jr., "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" Abd Al-Salam Faraj, "The Neglected Duty" Albert Camus, "Rebellion Beyond Nihilism"

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